Categories
Knowledge Base Technical

Asternic Stats and recording outgoing calls.

Asternic stats has the ability to record your outgoing calls in the stats database so they can be accessed from stats package.

But a customer noted two problems with this, firstly they wanted to set a different Music on Hold for outgoing calls and secondly “no answer” calls where the agent hungup before the callee answered.

Firstly we will deal with the Music on hold, Changing the MoH class caused calls not to be recorded in the database correctly. Code below is the reason for this as it causes the dial string to have 2 macros called, This is not possible.

extension_additional.conf:-
exten => s,n,ExecIf($["${MOHCLASS}"!="default" & "${MOHCLASS}"!="" & "${FORCE_CONFIRM}"="" ]?Set(DIAL_TRUNK_OPTIONS=M(setmusic^${MOHCLASS})${DIAL_TRUNK_OPTIONS}))

extensions_custom_asternic_outbound_freepbx.conf:-
exten => _X.,n,Dial(${QDIALER_CHANNEL},300,gM(queuedial-answer^${UNIQUEID}^${GM}^${QDIALER_QUEUE}^${QDIALER_AGENT}^${ST}^${AMPUSER})${DIAL_TRUNK_OPTIONS})

The fix is very simple for this one and required just 2 changes. one line added to set MoH in the dialplan and another to use Trunk_options and not the the one created in extensions_additional.conf

exten => _X.,n,Set(CHANNEL(musicclass)=${MOHCLASS}) ; Added to set the Music on hold class for the outgoing call Fixes bug in normal code
exten => _X.,n,Dial(${QDIALER_CHANNEL},300,gM(queuedial-answer^${UNIQUEID}^${GM}^${QDIALER_QUEUE}^${QDIALER_AGENT}^${ST}^${AMPUSER})${TRUNK_OPTIONS}) ;Was ${DIAL_TRUNK_OPTIONS} changed to set the Music on hold class for the outgoing call Fixes bug in normal code

The second problem is also fairly straight forward but took a bit of creative thinking, The problem was when an agent hung up on an outbound call the dialstatus returned to the dialplan was “CANCEL” and this is not reported upon by the asternic stats package. SO as the call is for all intents abandoned we added a line that if the dialstatus was “CANCEL” we would change it to “ABANDON”.

exten => h,n,Set(DIALSTATUS=${IF($["${DIALSTATUS}"="CANCEL"]?ABANDON:${DIALSTATUS})}) ;Added By Ian Plain to fix cancelled calls not showing in Asternic stats

This is a simple fix and now means calls are recorded as ABANDONED and with the time the Agent waited before hanging up.

Below is our version of the file extensions_custom_asternic_outbound_freepbx.conf with all the changes.

[macro-dialout-trunk-predial-hook]
exten => s,1,Noop(Test Track Outbound)
exten => s,n,Noop(Trunk is ${OUT_${DIAL_TRUNK}})
exten => s,n,Noop(Dialout number is ${OUTNUM})
exten => s,n,Noop(Dial options are ${DIAL_TRUNK_OPTIONS})
exten => s,n,Set(QDIALER_TRUNK_OPTIONS=${DIAL_TRUNK_OPTIONS})
exten => s,n,Set(QDIALER_AGENT=${DB(AMPUSER/${AMPUSER}/cidname)})
exten => s,n,GotoIf($["${QDIALER_AGENT}" != ""]?nextcheck)
exten => s,n,Noop(NO AMPUSER, exit normally with no tracking outbound)
exten => s,n,MacroExit()
exten => s,n(nextcheck),GotoIf($["${CDR(accountcode)}" != ""]?bypass)
exten => s,n,Noop(NO ACCOUNTCODE, exit normally with no tracking outbound)
exten => s,n,MacroExit()
exten => s,n(bypass),Set(PREDIAL_HOOK_RET=BYPASS)
exten => s,n,Goto(queuedial,${OUTNUM},1)
exten => s,n,MacroExit()
;; Dialplan for storing OUTBOUND campaing in queue_log
;; Goto(queuedial,YYYXXXXXXXX,1) where YYY is the queue-campaign code
;; and XXXXXXXX is the number to dial.
;; The queuedial context has the outobound trunk hardcoded
[queuedial]
; this piece of dialplan is just a calling hook into the [qlog-queuedial] context that actually does the
; outbound dialing - replace as needed - just fill in the same variables.
exten => X.,1,Set(QDIALER_QUEUE=${CDR(accountcode)}) ;exten => _X.,n,Set(QDIALER_AGENT=Agent/${AMPUSER}) exten => _X.,n,Set(QDIALER_AGENT=${DB(AMPUSER/${AMPUSER}/cidname)}) ; custom trunk check exten => _X.,n,Set(custom=${CUT(OUT${DIAL_TRUNK},:,1)})
exten => X.,n,GotoIf($["${custom}" = "AMP"]?customtrunk) ; it is normal trunk, not custom exten => _X.,n,Set(QDIALER_CHANNEL=${OUT${DIAL_TRUNK}}/${EXTEN})
exten => X.,n,GotoIf($["${OUT${DIAL_TRUNK}SUFFIX}" == ""]?continuequeuedial) exten => _X.,n,Set(QDIALER_CHANNEL=${OUT${DIAL_TRUNK}}/${EXTEN}${OUT_${DIAL_TRUNK}SUFFIX}) exten => _X.,n,Goto(continuequeuedial) ; it is a custom trunk exten => _X.,n(customtrunk),Set(pre_num=${CUT(OUT${DIAL_TRUNK},$,1)})
exten => X.,n,Set(the_num=${CUT(OUT${DIAL_TRUNK},$,2)})
exten => X.,n,Set(post_num=${CUT(OUT${DIAL_TRUNK},$,3)})
exten => _X.,n,GotoIf($["${the_num}" = "OUTNUM"]?outnum:skipoutnum)
exten => _X.,n(outnum),Set(the_num=${OUTNUM})
exten => _X.,n(skipoutnum),Set(QDIALER_CHANNEL=${pre_num:4}${the_num}${post_num})
exten => _X.,n(continuequeuedial),Noop(Qdialer channel = ${QDIALER_CHANNEL})
exten => _X.,n,Set(QueueName=${QDIALER_QUEUE})
exten => _X.,n,Goto(qlog-queuedial,${EXTEN},1)
[qlog-queuedial]
; We use a global variable to pass values back from the answer-detect macro.
; STATUS = U unanswered
; = A answered (plus CAUSECOMPLETE=C when callee hung up)
; The 'g' dial parameter must be used in order to track callee disconnecting.
; Note that we'll be using the 'h' hook in any case to do the logging when channels go down.
;
exten => X.,1,NoOp(Outbound call -> A:${QDIALER_AGENT} N:${EXTEN} Q:${QDIALER_QUEUE} Ch:${QDIALER_CHANNEL} Dialoptions:${TRUNK_OPTIONS}) exten => _X.,n,Set(ST=${EPOCH}) ;exten => _X.,n,Set(GM=${QDIALER_AGENT}) exten => _X.,n,Set(GM=${REPLACE(QDIALER_AGENT, ,)})
exten => _X.,n,Set(GLOBAL(${GM})=U)
exten => _X.,n,Set(GLOBAL(${GM}ans)=0)
exten => _X.,n,Macro(queuelog,${ST},${UNIQUEID},${QDIALER_QUEUE},${QDIALER_AGENT},ENTERQUEUE,-,${EXTEN})
exten => _X.,n,Set(CHANNEL(musicclass)=${MOHCLASS}) ; Added to set the Music on hold class for the outgoing call Fixes bug in normal code
exten => _X.,n,Dial(${QDIALER_CHANNEL},300,gM(queuedial-answer^${UNIQUEID}^${GM}^${QDIALER_QUEUE}^${QDIALER_AGENT}^${ST}^${AMPUSER})${TRUNK_OPTIONS}) ;Was ${DIAL_TRUNK_OPTIONS} changed to set the Music on hold class for the outgoing call Fixes bug in normal code
exten => _X.,n,Set(CAUSECOMPLETE=${IF($["${DIALSTATUS}" = "ANSWER"]?C)})
; Trapping call termination here
exten => h,1,NoOp( "Call exiting: status ${GLOBAL(${GM})} answered at: ${GLOBAL(${GM}ans)} DS: ${DIALSTATUS}" )
exten => h,n,Set(DB(LASTDIAL/${QDIALER_AGENT})=${EPOCH})
exten => h,n,Goto(case-${GLOBAL(${GM})})
exten => h,n,Hangup()
; Call unanswered
exten => h,n(case-U),Set(WT=$[${EPOCH} - ${ST}])
exten => h,n,Noop(unanswered ${DIALSTATUS})) ;Added By Ian Plain to fix cancelled calls not showing in Asternic stats
exten => h,n,Set(DIALSTATUS=${IF($["${DIALSTATUS}"="CANCEL"]?ABANDON:${DIALSTATUS})}) ;Added By Ian Plain to fix cancelled calls not showing in Asternic stats
exten => h,n,Macro(queuelog,${EPOCH},${UNIQUEID},${QDIALER_QUEUE},${QDIALER_AGENT},${DIALSTATUS},1,1,${WT})
exten => h,n,UserEvent(AgentComplete,Queue: ${QDIALER_QUEUE},TalkTime: 0,Channel: ${CHANNEL})
exten => h,n,Hangup()
; call answered: agent/callee hung
exten => h,n(case-A),Set(COMPLETE=${IF($["${CAUSECOMPLETE}" = "C"]?COMPLETECALLER:COMPLETEAGENT)})
exten => h,n,Noop(answered ${DIALSTATUS})) ;Added By Ian Plain to fix cancelled calls not showing in Asternic stats
exten => h,n,Set(WT=$[${GLOBAL(${GM}ans)} - ${ST}])
exten => h,n,Set(CT=$[${EPOCH} - ${GLOBAL(${GM}ans)}])
exten => h,n,Macro(queuelog,${EPOCH},${UNIQUEID},${QDIALER_QUEUE},${QDIALER_AGENT},${COMPLETE},${WT},${CT})
exten => h,n,UserEvent(AgentComplete,Queue: ${QDIALER_QUEUE},TalkTime: ${CT},Channel: ${CHANNEL})
exten => h,n,Hangup()
[macro-queuedial-answer]
; Expecting $ARG1: uniqueid of the caller channel
; $ARG2: global variable to store the answer results
; $ARG3: queue name
; $ARG4: agent name
; $ARG5: enterqueue
;
exten => s,1,NoOp("Macro: queuedial-answer UID:${ARG1} GR:${ARG2} Q:${ARG3} A:${ARG4} E:${ARG5}")
exten => s,n,Set(QDIALER_QUEUE=${ARG3})
exten => s,n,Set(QDIALER_QUEUE=${REPLACE(QDIALER_QUEUE, ,_)})
exten => s,n,GotoIf($["${CUT(DB(AMPUSER/${ARG6}/recording),=,3)}" = "Always"]?mixmonitor)
exten => s,n,GotoIf($["${DB(AMPUSER/${ARG6}/recording/out/external)}" = "always"]?mixmonitor)
exten => s,n,Goto(continue)
exten => s,n(mixmonitor),MixMonitor(${MIXMON_DIR}${YEAR}/${MONTH}/${DAY}/out-${QDIALER_QUEUE}-${ARG1}.wav,b,/usr/local/parselog/update_mix_mixmonitor.pl ${ARG1} ${MIXMON_DIR}${YEAR}/${MONTH}/${DAY}/out-${QDIALER_QUEUE}-${ARG1}.wav)
exten => s,n,Set(AUDIOHOOK_INHERIT(MixMonitor)=yes)
exten => s,n(continue),Set(NOW=${EPOCH})
exten => s,n,Set(WD=$[${NOW} - ${ARG5}])
exten => s,n,Macro(queuelog,${NOW},${ARG1},${ARG3},${ARG4},CONNECT,${WD})
exten => s,n,Set(GLOBAL(${ARG2})=A)
exten => s,n,Set(GLOBAL(${ARG2}ans)=${NOW})
exten => s,n,NoOp("Macro queuedial-answer terminating" )
[macro-queuelog]
; The advantage of using this macro is that you can choose whether to use the Shell version
; (where you have complete control of what gets written) or the Application version (where you
; do not need a shellout, so it's way faster).
;
; Expecting $ARG1: Timestamp
; $ARG2: Call-id
; $ARG3: Queue
; $ARG4: Agent
; $ARG5: Verb
; $ARG6: Param1
; $ARG7: Param2
; $ARG8: Param3
;
;exten => s,1,System( echo "${ARG1},${ARG2},${ARG3,${ARG4},${ARG5},${ARG6},${ARG7},${ARG8}" >> /var/log/asterisk/queue_log )
exten => s,1,QueueLog(${ARG3},${ARG2},${ARG4},${ARG5},${ARG6}|${ARG7}|${ARG8})

Categories
Asterisk Support Covid-19 FreePBX Knowledge Base Remote Working

Disabling Router SIP ALG

With many companies asking their employees to work from home, a common problem when trying to use a sip phone on a home network is the SIP ‘helper’ or ALG, Here is some advice on how to disable it on the more common routers that you may encounter.

SIP ALG (Application Layer Gateway) modifies VoIP traffic with the aim of solving NAT and firewall related problems. SIP ALG does this by inspecting SIP packets and modifying SIP Header and SDP data.

Unfortunately, SIP ALG was poorly implemented in a lot of cases, which has lead to it causing more issues than it corrects and due to this, we believe that, in general, it is best disabled.

Note – Many routers will re-enable SIP ALG after being powered off and on, or sometimes after a firmware update, therefore if it has been disabled in the past, and you know that the router was recently updated and powered off and on again, then it is always a good idea to log in to the router and double check the setting.

Virgin SuperHub: SIP ALG cannot be disabled in the settings of SuperHubs. Please click here for advice troubleshooting issues with SuperHubs. 

BT: SIP ALG cannot be disabled in the settings of BT HomeHubs, but can be disable with BT Business Hub versions 3 and higher:

Disabling a BT Business Hub 5’s SIP ALG

Fritz!Box: SIP ALG can’t be disabled.

DrayTek routers: Log in to your DrayTek via Telnet using an SSH client such as Putty: http://www.putty.org/

Check if SIP ALG is Enabled or Disabled:

To check if SIP ALG is Enabled or Disabled enter this command: sys sip_alg ?

If SIP ALG is disabled a ” 0 ” result will be returned.  If SIP ALG is enabled the result will be ” 1 “.

Disabling SIP ALG:

To Disable SIP ALG enter the following:

sys sip_alg 0
sys commit
sys reboot

The router will restart and save your changes.

Click here for additional general information about DrayTek Firewall setup. 

TP-Link routers: How to Disable SIP ALG on TP-Link ADSL modem router

Linksys: Check for a ‘SIP ALG’ option, in the ‘Administration’ tab under ‘Advanced’. 

May also need to disable SPI Firewall. 

Microtik: Disable ‘SIP Helper‘. 

Netgear: Look for a ‘SIP ALG’ checkbox in the ‘WAN’ settings.

Port Scan and DoS Protection should also be disabled.

Disable STUN in VoIP phone’s settings. 

D-Link: In your router’s ‘Advanced’ settings –> ‘Application Level Gateway (ALG) Configuration’ uncheck the ‘SIP’ option. 

Huawei: Many routers support SIP ALG (usually found in the ‘Security’ menu). 

SonicWALL Firewall: Under the VoIP tab, the option ‘Enable Consistent NAT’ should be enabled and ‘Enable SIP Transformations’ unchecked.  

Thomson: How to Disable SIP ALG on a Thomson Router HERE

Test with STUN disabled in your VoIP phone’s settings.

Adtran Netvanta: Disable SIP ALG under ‘Firewall/ACLs’ –> ‘ALG Settings’.

For Technicolor TG588V routers see this document for step by step details

Even if there isn’t a SIP ALG option in your router’s settings, it may still be implemented. TelNet commands must be used to disable SIP ALG with TechnicolorThomsonSpeedTouch, some Draytek and some ZyXEL routers. 

Categories
Knowledge Base

Using FreePBX FollowMe

Follow Me allows you to redirect a call that is placed to one of your extension to another extension or external number.

You can program the system to ring your extension alone for a certain period of time, then ring some other destination(s), such as a mobile phone or another extension, then go to the original extension’s voicemail if the call is not answered.  

It can also be used to divert calls to another extension without ringing the ‘original’ extension, or ring both together in a ‘twinned’ manner. This is useful if you are regularly away from your desk

Your can modify certain Follow Me settings using the User Control Panel as well as disable and enable Follow Me using a feature code that is normally *21,

To use the UCP to change settings if you have had permissions enabled is done by clicking the COG icon on teh Follow me Widget and below is a short Video on the key settings

Categories
Knowledge Base

Setting Up your UCP

The UCP or user control panel is an integral part of freePBX, It lets users have control over their telephone experience.

Below is a short video for setting up the key components of the UCP including voicemail and the WebRTC softphone.

The UCP Phone or WebRTC Phone is an in-browser phone. The Administrator can enable the “WebRTC phone” and that is “attached” to a user’s extension, this phone will then receive phone calls at the same time as the users extension .

The UCP allows users to add multiple dashboards and resizable widgets, This functionality allows users to completely customize the look and feel of their User Control Panel.

The Voicemail widget allows you to view, listen and manage your voicemail settings. The voicemail widget also allows you to monitor and listen to other peoples mailboxes, This feature is invaluable for receptionists and PA’s as it allows them to monitor their Managers or teh main company mailbox. To monitor additional mailboxes contact your system administrator.

 The FreePBX User Management Module controls which mailboxes a user will be able to add as a widget in UCP as it is not just limited to the extensions own mailbox, This is useful for department managers or Receptionists.

The UCP also has a chat function built-in that allows remote users to chat between each other similar to any other webchat but with the added security of it being ‘siloed’ in your company.

For full details and instructions of all options please see the WIKI at Sangoma.com

Categories
Asterisk Support FreePBX Knowledge Base Support Technical

Backing up files in FreePBX 15

The first time you come to restore your FREEpbx 15 system you may find that not everything that you expected is there !

The new backup module backs up on a module by module base and not like before where is was DBs and Files.

Linked here is a repository that has the files to create a module that can be edited to backup directories.

https://bitbucket.org/cybercottage/filebackup

The file you need to edit is Backup.php

<?php

namespace FreePBX\modules\Filebackup;
use FreePBX\modules\Backup as Base;

class Backup extends Base\BackupBase
{
    public function runBackup($id, $transaction)
    {
        $this->addDirectories([
            '/etc/asterisk','/tftpboot',
        ]);
        $files = glob("/etc/asterisk/*conf");
        foreach ($files as $file) {
            $path = pathinfo($file, PATHINFO_DIRNAME);
            $this->addFile(basename($file), $path, '', "conf");
    }
    $files = glob("/tftpboot/*xml");
        foreach ($files as $file) {
            $path = pathinfo($file, PATHINFO_DIRNAME);
            $this->addFile(basename($file), $path, '', "conf");
        }
        return $this;
    }
}

As you see we are backing up /etc/asterisk and /tftpboot , But only *.conf files in /etc/asterisk and only *.xml files in /tftpboot

Details on the new backup system are here https://wiki.freepbx.org/display/FOP/Implementing+Backup

Thanks to James Finstrom for the original version of this, This version is not to replace his work but only to give an example of working with Multiple directories

The downloaded zip file needs to be added as a Local module via Module Admin and enabled, It will obviously give a signing error but this can be disabled in Advanced settings or ignored ;-)

Enjoy but don’t blame me if it doesn’t work. Ive tested it on my systems and all seems good by your experience may be different

Categories
Blog Knowledge Base

Recording Announcements in FreePBX 13 and later

This was recorded a while ago as an aid to a customer, Its a short video on recording prompts and then adding them to an announcment so they can be used in call flow.

Categories
Blog Handsets Products Special Offers

The Gigaset N670 IP PRO grows with the company

LAUNCH OFFER ! SINGLE BASE INC VAT AND DELIVERY FOR £130

Professional IP DECT base station that can become a multi-cell system

N670

The new Gigaset N670 IP PRO offers business customers performance and maximum flexibility to deal with future growth. It supports 20 users, SIP accounts and handsets, can handle eight simultaneous calls, thus enabling a broad range of uses for DECT telephony in the business arena. The base station is compatible with numerous on-premise and cloud-based telephone systems and supports all handsets from Gigaset’s Professional series. If a company’s requirements increase, for example, because it needs more extensions or its floor space expands, the N670 IP PRO can be upgraded in the future with a license to a multi-cell system1).

Modern DECT communication solutions deliver complete freedom of movement in challenging work environments, need minimum cabling, and are easy to install and maintain. As Europe’s DECT pioneer, Gigaset not only makes cordless phones for millions of households worldwide, but also professional telephone systems at its Bocholt site in North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany. The N670 IP PRO DECT base station delivers greater performance and simplifies administration. The device merely needs an Ethernet port for connectivity and supplying power, and the handsets require just one socket for the charging station – everything else works without cables.

“The N670 IP PRO embodies all the expertise we’ve amassed with professional IP DECT systems over the past years,” says Norbert Cremer, Head of Product Management Business Solutions at Gigaset. “We wanted to create an even better, more flexible and more powerful IP DECT base station, one offering the customary ease of installation, great convenience and comprehensive security. Yet the real highlight for our customers is that they can expand it into a multi-cell system with a license upgrade1).” Gigaset is positioning the N670 IP PRO between the N510 IP PRO and the N870 IP PRO multi-cell system.

From the single-cell to the multi-cell system

The N670 IP PRO is an investment in the future: If the floor space or number of users at an organization increases, the N670 IP can be expanded into a multi-cell system with an upgrade license1). Additional base stations cover multiple stories or buildings and ensure users can be reached everywhere. That makes the N670 IP PRO interesting for growing and aspiring companies in particular.

Current datasheet is here and with an RRP or £119.99+Vat this is a great alternative to the N510, Contact us for special launch pricing and Bundle packages.

Categories
Conference Phone Products Special Offers

Snom C520 Conference Set

Thanks to advanced DECT and Bluetooth technology, the C520 is the perfect device for team conferencing and offers three cutting-edge microphones. The first of these is built into the high-performance full-duplex speaker in the main base station with two further wireless DECT microphones that can be freely placed or carried in the room as required.

Snom C520

The C520 microphones use dynamic noise reduction and adaptive feedback control to provide crystal clear HD audio transmission, even in crowded or spacious rooms. The microphones synchronize with the base station in real-time according to their location. This technology allows the user freedom of movement without even having to raise their voice – regardless of meeting room size.

Connectivity is now one of the most important factors for effective collaboration. This is why the C520 features a versatile Bluetooth interface allowing smartphones or DECT phones to be easily paired and used.

To extend the C520 conference system across even larger areas, simply couple wireless C52 loudspeaker units to the base unit and the range of the loudspeakers and microphones will be increased greatly.

A compact device at an Special introcutory price of £225 +Vat and Delivery

Categories
FreePBX Knowledge Base

FreePBX EPM Whoopsing

We have seen on some installations of FreePBX with EPM that when you upload a photo it Whoops when trying to rebulid the config.

The clue to whats happening is that it cant call function imagecreatefromjpeg or imagecreatefrompng depending on your file format

The most common cause of this is php-gd isnt installed. To Check this is simple, create a simple PHP file in the web root called phpcheck.php add the following to it:

phpcheck.php

<?php
if (extension_loaded('gd') && function_exists('gd_info')) {
    echo "PHP GD library is installed on your web server";
}
else {
    echo "PHP GD library is NOT installed on your web server";
}
?>
<?php phpinfo(); ?>

Now browse in your favourite browser to this and it will show at the top if gd is installed or not.

If its not and php was installed via yum then :

yum search php-gd
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror, security
Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
 * base: mirrors.clouvider.net
 * extras: mirrors.clouvider.net
 * updates: mirror.sov.uk.goscomb.net
=============================================================== N/S Matched: php-gd ================================================================
php-gd.x86_64 : A module for PHP applications for using the gd graphics library

Will show if its avalible. (your version of PHP may mean this is different for you) then to install yum install php-gd and restart the httpd service

You should now be able to go to phpcheck.php again and it should show as installed. if it does you are good to go installing screen images for phones

Categories
Asterisk Support FreePBX Knowledge Base Support Technical

Resetting root password on FreePBX 14 and other Centos 7 servers

Boot your system and wait until the GRUB menu appears. On some systems you may need to press the “Escape” key to access the GRUB menu. FreePBX should show this for a few seconds on Boot

Highlight your Operating System and then press “e” to edit. You have to be quick here simpler to just press e when the menu appears and you will see similar to below.

Find the line beginning with linux. In this example the line begins linux16.

Manually delete the entries quiet and rhgb from the line. then append the following statement to the end of the line init=/bin/sh Don’t worry if your command is spread across more than one line. A continuation character “\ will be inserted automatically.

Now reboot your system now using the options specified by pressing the keys Ctrl +X

Once the system has re-booted, you will be presented with a shell prompt without having to enter any user name or password.

At this command prompt you will need to enter the following commands:

Remount the “/” root filesystem in Read/Write mode: mount -o remount,rw /

Issue the passwd command to reset the root account password: passwd

Then enter the new password as prompted twice

Then remount the “/” root filesystem in Read Only mode: mount -o remount,ro /

You can now restart the system and login with your new password.